Yogulitsa Pet zachilengedwe kuyanika silika mchenga
Chiyambi cha zinthu
Mchenga wa silika ndi mchenga wa quartz sali wamtundu womwewo wa zinthu, zinthu zonsezi ndi silika monga gawo lalikulu, koma mchenga wa quartz ndi kristalo, umapangidwa kuchokera ku mwala wa quartz, mchenga wa silika umapangidwa kuchokera ku mchenga wokhala ndi silika ndi miyala, maonekedwe a awiriwa ndi osiyana kwambiri, njira yopangira imakhalanso yosiyana, chifukwa chake ndi Chitchaina kuti azisiyanitsidwa ndi chiwerengero cha zomwe zili ndi chifukwa chakuti mchenga wa quartz wa China ndi wosavuta kupeza, kuwonjezera apo, mchenga wa quartz wa China ndi wapamwamba kuposa silika wa China. mchenga wa quartz, dziko lathu molakwika limadziwika kuti mchenga wa quartz, kapena mchenga wa silika womwe umadziwikanso kuti mchenga wa quartz, ndiye chinthu chachikulu chopangira galasi.Mchenga wa silika uli ndi mchenga wamba wa silika, mchenga woyengedwa wa silika komanso mchenga wa silika wapamwamba kwambiri.Zomwe zili mu silika mumchenga wamba wa silika zili pakati pa 90% ndi 99%, ndipo chitsulo cha oxide chimakhala chochepera 0.02%;Zomwe zili mu silika mu mchenga woyengedwa wa silika zili pakati pa 99% ndi 99.5%, ndipo zitsulo za oxide zili zosakwana 0.015%;Silika yomwe ili mumchenga wa quartz woyeretsedwa kwambiri ndi pakati pa 99.5% ndi 99.9%, ndipo chitsulo cha oxide chili chochepera 0.001%.Mchenga wa silika wokhala ndi chiyero chokwera ndi woyera wamkaka, zonyansa zikachuluka, mchenga wa silika udzawoneka wofiirira-wofiira, wofiirira ndi mitundu ina, malo osungunuka a mchenga wa silika ndi pafupifupi 1750 ° C, kukula kwa tinthu kuli pakati pa 0.02mm ~ 3.35mm, insoluble mu zidulo ena kuposa asidi hydrofluoric, ndi kukhazikika bwino mankhwala, kutchinjiriza magetsi, kuvala kukana ndi makhalidwe ena.Mayiko ambiri omwe amapanga magalasi padziko lonse lapansi, monga Soviet Union, United States, Belgium ndi mayiko ena, amagwiritsa ntchito mchenga wa silika wachilengedwe.Mchenga wachilengedwe wa silika ku China ndiwosauka, ndipo mchenga wa silika wopangidwa ndi quartz sandstone nthawi zambiri umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zopangira magalasi.
Monga zopangira za silicon zopangira, silika imagwira ntchito yosasinthika komanso yofunika kwambiri pakupanga ndi kupereka zida za silicon.Lili ndi mawonekedwe apadera a thupi ndi mankhwala, kotero kuti limakhala ndi malo ofunikira kwambiri paulendo wa pandege, zakuthambo, zamagetsi, makina ndi makampani omwe akutukuka kwambiri a IT, makamaka mawonekedwe ake amkati a maselo, mawonekedwe a kristalo ndi malamulo a kusintha kwa lattice, kotero kuti ali ndi kutentha kwakukulu. kukana, kachulukidwe kakang'ono kakuwonjezera kutentha, kutchinjiriza kwakukulu, kukana dzimbiri, piezoelectric effect, resonance effect ndi mawonekedwe ake apadera owoneka bwino, kupangitsa kuti izikhala ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pazinthu zambiri zamakono, monga zida zaukadaulo zamakampani a IT - Computer tchipisi, ulusi wowoneka bwino, zowunikira zamagetsi zamagetsi, magetsi atsopano opangira magetsi, zida zotsekera kwambiri, zida zammlengalenga, zida zaukadaulo zankhondo, magalasi apadera owoneka bwino, zida zowunikira mankhwala, ndi zina zambiri, sizingasiyanitsidwe ndi zida zoyambira izi.
Mchenga wa silika
Mchenga wa silika wachilengedwe umagawidwa kukhala mchenga wotsukidwa, mchenga wotsukidwa, mchenga wosankhidwa (flotation), etc., mchenga wosambitsidwa umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakuponya, mchenga wotsuka umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga magalasi opangira magalasi ndi zotengera zamagalasi, mchenga wa flotation ndi zinthu zopangira kupanga magalasi oyandama.
Zodziwika bwino
Zodziwika bwino za mchenga wa silika ndi: 1-2mm, 2-4mm, 4-8mm, 8-16mm, 16-32mm, 10-20 mauna, 20-40 mauna, 40-80 mauna, 100-120 mauna, 200 mauna, 325 mauna, SiO2≥99-99.5% Fe2O3≤0.02-0.015%.
Malo ofunsira
Mchenga wa silika ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri m'mafakitale opangira mchere, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu galasi, kuponyera, zoumba ndi zowumitsa, zitsulo, zomangamanga, makampani opanga mankhwala, mapulasitiki, mphira, abrasives ndi mafakitale ena.
1. Galasi: galasi lathyathyathya, magalasi oyandama, zinthu zamagalasi (mitsuko yamagalasi, mabotolo agalasi, machubu agalasi, ndi zina), galasi lagalasi, galasi lagalasi, zida zamagalasi, galasi loyendetsa, nsalu zamagalasi ndi magalasi apadera odana ndi ray ndizo zaiwisi zazikulu. zipangizo
2. Ceramics ndi refractory zipangizo: akusowekapo ndi glaze za porcelain, mkulu silicon njerwa ng'anjo, njerwa silikoni wamba ndi zopangira silicon carbide.
3. Zitsulo: zopangira kapena zowonjezera ndi zotuluka zachitsulo cha silicon, aloyi ya ferrosilicon ndi silicon aluminium alloy
4. Ntchito yomanga: konkire, zipangizo zopangira simenti, zipangizo zomangira misewu, miyala yamtengo wapatali, miyala yamtengo wapatali ya simenti (ie mchenga wa simenti), etc. , amorphous silika ufa
6. Makina: zida zazikulu zopangira mchenga, zinthu zopera ( sandblasting, pepala lopukutira molimba, sandpaper, nsalu ya emery, etc.)
7. Zamagetsi: zitsulo zoyera kwambiri za silicon, fiber optical for communication, etc
8. Mpira, pulasitiki: chodzaza (chikhoza kupititsa patsogolo kukana)
9. zokutira: filler (akhoza kusintha asidi kukana ❖ kuyanika)
10. Aviation, Azamlengalenga: mkati mwake maselo unyolo dongosolo, crystal mawonekedwe ndi lattice kusintha malamulo, ndipo ali mkulu kutentha kukana, yaing'ono matenthedwe coefficient, kukana dzimbiri, kutchinjiriza mkulu, piezoelectric zotsatira, resonance zotsatira ndi mawonekedwe ake apadera kuwala.
Mapulogalamu a mafakitale
1. Kugwiritsa ntchito mu galasi: molingana ndi zomwe zili mumchenga wa silika, chiyero ndi mankhwala a galasi, mchenga wa silika ukhoza kupangidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya galasi, monga galasi wamba wa soda-laimu wa silika, galasi lamtundu wokhala ndi colorant, galasi la kuwala lomwe lingathe. sinthani njira yopangira kuwala, galasi lapadera lokhala ndi ntchito zapadera, galasi lotenthetsera kutentha, galasi lopukuta, galasi loyendetsa, komanso zida zamagalasi zopangidwa ndi galasi, ziwiya za tsiku ndi tsiku, monga magalasi, magalasi, mawotchi a microwave, zowonetsera mafoni, ndi zina zotero. .
2, pogwiritsira ntchito zoumba: kuyera kwazitsulo zadothi kumakhudza kwambiri khalidwe la ceramic, kuti muwonjezere kuyera kwake, mukhoza kuwonjezera mchenga wa silika ku zipangizo za ceramic, ndipo mutawonjezera mchenga wa silika, mukhoza kuchepetsanso nthawi yowuma ya thupi la ceramic wobiriwira, pewani kusweka chifukwa cha kuyanika pang'onopang'ono, panthawi imodzimodziyo, mutatha kuwonjezera mchenga wa silika, zochitika zowonongeka za ceramic zidzatha, kotero kuwonjezera kwa mchenga wa silika kumawonjezera ubwino wa zoumba. .Kuphatikiza pakugwiritsa ntchito mchenga wa silika muzoumba, mchenga wa silika ukhozanso kupangidwa bwino kuti upangitse mchenga wa silika kukhala ufa, womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga enamel, ndipo kukonza kwa enamel kumakhala ndi zofunika kwambiri pakuyeretsa mchenga wa silika.
3.Kugwiritsa ntchito poponya: mchenga wa silica uli ndi zinthu zapadera mufizikiki, monga kukana kutenthedwa kwa kutentha, kuuma ndi zina, kotero zimakhala ndi ntchito zabwino kwambiri popanga nkhungu ndi nkhungu.Popanga zoumba, zomwe zimafunikira mchenga wa silika ndizokwera kwambiri, koma kuponyera kumakhala ndi zofunika kwambiri pazinthu zakuthupi za mchenga wa silika, monga kukula kwa tinthu ndi mawonekedwe a mchenga wa silika.
4. Kugwiritsa ntchito mumlengalenga: Chifukwa mchenga wa silica uli ndi zotsatira zabwino za piezoelectric, kutsekemera kwakukulu, kukana kwa dzimbiri, kukana kutentha kwapamwamba ndi zinthu zina, sizipezeka muzinthu zina, choncho zimakhala ndi ntchito zofunika kwambiri pa ndege ndi ndege.
5, ntchito zomanga: mchenga wa silika pomanga ntchitoyo ndiwofala kwambiri, monga pomanga nyumba ndi misewu, simenti, konkriti kuwonjezera gawo lina la mchenga, zimatha kupanga khoma, msewu wamphamvu kwambiri, kupewa kuoneka kwa ming'alu, mchenga wa silika womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito panyumbayo, pali zofunika zina za kukula kwa tinthu, monga pomanga nyumba, mchenga wa silika wothira simenti pamaso pa chinsalu chamchenga ndi yunifolomu, kotero pali zofunika zina zakuthupi. mchenga wa silika.
6.Zinanso ntchito: Kuphatikiza pa kugwiritsa ntchito mchenga wa silika mu galasi, zitsulo, kuponyera, zomangamanga, ndi zina zotero, palinso ntchito zina zapadera, monga kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zipangizo zowononga monga sandpaper ndi gauze;Kuonjezera mchenga wa silika ku mapulasitiki kungathandize kuti mapulasitiki asawonongeke;Ma quartz photofibers opangidwa ndi silika ndi mafupa a mumsewu wapamwamba kwambiri;quartz cuvettes, quartz crucibles, etc. ntchito ma laboratories;Zokongoletsera za agate zopangidwa kuchokera ku ma agate okhala ndi zigawo zamitundu kapena mphete za quartz.
Mapulogalamu m'munda wa chilengedwe
Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwina kofunikira kwa mchenga wa silika ndi monga zosefera ndi thanki yosungiramo madzi.Ndi chitukuko cha chuma cha China, mafakitale osiyanasiyana akupitiriza kuonekera, ndipo vuto la kuwonongeka kwa madzi likupitirirabe: madzi otayira m'mafakitale amatayidwa mwachisawawa, zinyalala zam'tawuni zimawunjika mumtsinje, ndipo mankhwala ophera tizilombo omwe amawathira m'madera akumidzi amalowa mumtsinje ndi madzi amvula. ndi zina zotero, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti m'madzi mukhale zinthu zoopsa zambiri, ndipo anthu sangathe kumwa madzi oipitsidwa kwambiriwa.Zina mwazinthu zonyansa zamakampani aku China zimatulutsidwa mwachindunji mumtsinje popanda chithandizo, ndipo madzi ena otayira amathiridwa mwachindunji mumtsinje ngati sakukwaniritsa zofunikira za dziko, ndipo mphamvu yachimbudzi ndiyotsika kwambiri.Poyankha izi, China wachita maphunziro ambiri, ndi nanomatadium zosiyanasiyana, porous mpweya zipangizo, etc. kuti adsorb zoipa ayoni zitsulo ndi zinthu organic mu madzi oipa akhala mosalekeza kuphunzira.Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa adsorbents olimba kuchotsa ma ion ovulaza m'madzi otayira ndi njira yofunikira yopangira madzi onyansa, koma kukonzanso kwa adsorbents ogwiritsidwa ntchito kwakhala vuto.Komanso, ma adsorbents okhala ndi zotsatira zabwino ndi okwera mtengo ndipo sangagwiritsidwe ntchito ponseponse pa moyo watsiku ndi tsiku.Mchenga wa silika umagawidwa kwambiri komanso wotsika mtengo, ndipo kuphunzira kwa adsorbents ndi mchenga wa silika monga chigawo chachikulu kumapereka maziko othetsera vuto la kuipitsa madzi.Chifukwa chake, kugwiritsa ntchito mchenga wa silika ngati zopangira kuti muphunzire momwe zilili pamtunda, momwe ma adsorption amagwirira ntchito ndi zinthu zina ndizofunikira kwambiri pothana ndi kuipitsidwa kwa madzi komanso kukonza chilengedwe.